Art History -Chap 3 - Vocab.

PEOPLE

• Tutankhamen: Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty
  
• Herodotus: Ancient Greek known as the father of history
  
• Menes: King of upper and lower Egypt, united the two
  
• Horus: God of the sky
  
• Ra: Deity of the sun
  
• Isis: Goddess of fertility
  
• Osiris: God of the underworld and judge of the dead
  
• Narmer: First Pharaoh of Old Kingdom
  
• Hathor: Moon goddess
  
• Djoser: Pharaoh of third dynasty, Imhotep designed his pyramid
  
• Imhotep: Architect who designed first step pyramid
  
• Khufu: One of the great pyramids belong to him, second pharaoh of 4th dynasty
  
• Khafra: Pharaoh of 4th dynasty, capital at Memphis
  
• Menkaura: Pharaoh of 4th dynasty, third and smallest great pyramid belonged to him
  
• Pepy II: Pharaoh who began rule as a child
  
• Queen Mery-anknes
  
• Kai: Vizier, possibility that Seat Scribe is a portrait of him
  
• Ti: Commoner who achieved power at court and amassed wealth
  
• Auguste Mariette: French scholar, foremost Egyptologist of his time
  
• Senusesret II: 11th dynasty, first ruler of middle kingdom
  
• Ptolemey V: Five year old pharaoh
  
• Jean-Francois Champollion: Translated Rosetta Stone
  
• Thutmose III: 18th dynasty, middle kingdom
  
• Rameses II: Pharaoh, ruled for 66 years
  
• Hatshepsut: First queen to take the title of pharaoh, from new kingdom
  
• Ankhenaten: Ruler of Egypt, transformed Egypt to monotheistic
  
• Queen Tiy: Ankhenaten's mother
  
• Nefertiti: Queen of Egypt, wife to Ankhematen
  
• Anubis: Guides the dead to the after life
  
• Thoth: God of knowledge and divine speech
  

  
  

VOCAB

• Sed Festival: Showed royal regeneration, celebrate continued rule of pharaoh
  
• Pictographs: Graphic symbol representing word or idea
  
• Hieratic Scale: Size determines importance
  
• Papyrus: Tall marsh plant; paper-like material, made from plant
  
• Palette: Flat stone with a circular depression on one side, used for grinding eye paint
  
• Canon of Proportions: Rules that the Egyptian writers used for writing and drawing
  
• Old Kingdom: Marked by the usage of pyramids, from when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization complexity
  
• Ka: Soul of ancient Egypt, resides in statue after death
  
• Mastaba: Brick tomb built with flat base, sloping sides, and flat roof
  
• Veneer: Superficial appearance to impress others, thin layer of a material bonded to the surface of inferior material
  
• Serdab: Stone room in pyramid, contained painted statue of the dead
  
• Sarcophagus: Ancient stone coffin
  
• Necropolis: Large, elaborate, or ancient cemetery
  
• Columns: Upright support, shaped like long cylinder
  
  • Base: Lowest or supporting layer
    
  • Shaft: Middle part
    
  • Fluting: Decoration with parallel groves
    
  • Capital: Upper part of pillar
    
  • Engaged: Built into or attached to wall
    
• Colonnade: Row of supporting columns
  
• Sphinx: Creature with lion's body and head of human
  
• Portico: Covered walk-way leading to main entrance, consists of roof supported by pillars
  
• Middle Kingdom: 11th-14th dynasty
  
• Rock-Cut Tombs: Underground monument carved from solid rock -middle kingdom
  
• Rosetta Stones: Stele discovered with three languages carved on it, led to translation of hieroglyphics
  
• Hieroglyphics: Picture writing system
  
• Faience: Pottery with colored glaze
  
• Cartouche: Oval shape containing writing (King's name written here)
  
• New Kingdom: 16th-11th century BC, 18th-20th dynasty
  
• Hyskos: Group who overthrew 13th dynasty and ruled lower and middle Egypt for 100 years
  
• Hypostyle Hall: Grand outermost hall, flat ceiling held up by columns
  
• Pylons: Tall vertical structure on building, decorative gateway or monumental pillar
  
• Clerestory: Upper part of wall, contains windows
  
• Peristyle Court: Open courtyard ringed with columns and covered walkways
  
• Obelisks: Pillar of stone, built as a monument, square base and tapered sides
  
• Pyramidion: Capstone of pyramid or at top of obelisk
  
• Sunken Relief: Outlined figures carved into stone
  
• Book of the Dead: Name for Egyptian funerary texts
  
• Classical: Reflects conventions of Greek and Romans
  
• Encaustic: Pigments mixed with wax applied to a surface by heat. Fuses colors