Art History -Chap 6 - Vocab.

Artium: Central courtyard

Round
Arch: Formed by wedge-shaped stones

Barrel
vault: Elongated vault shaped like a half-cylinder

Corbel
arch: Over hanging courses of masonry meet at top

Courses: Horizontal layer of stone used in building

Voussiors: wedge-shaped stones

Pilasters: column-like uprights

Podium: Platform on which Etruscan temples were built on

Ridgepole: Longitudinal timber at the apex of a roof that supports the upper ends of the rafters

Jambs: A supporting upright

Piers: A supporting upright

Buttressing: Added support for arches

Centering: Arches being held in place by wooden scaffolding until mortar dries

Intrados: Inside surface of arch

Extrados: Outside curve of arch

Springing: Points from which the curves of the arch rise

Imposts: Reinforcement for the springing

Spandrels: Wall areas adjacent to curves

Arcade: Succession of an arch

Bay: Space encompassed by each arch and it's support

Groin
vault: Intersection of two barrel vaults

Cross
Vault: See groin vault

Triumphal
arches: Part architecture part sculpture. Commemorates triumph or formal victory

Dome: Curved masonry vault consisting of arch rotated on its axis

Drum: Wall of dome

Oculus: Circular opening at top of dome

Iconographical:

Tuscan
order: Column order

Composite
order: Column order

Pedestals: Platform supporting sculpture or monument

Plinth: Slab-like base of column

Dado: Lower part of wall

Cornice: Uppermost section of Classical entablature. Horizontally projecting element of a building usually found on top of wall

Stucco: Slow-drying type of plaster

Sarcophagi: Coffins

Forums: Legal centers

Basilicas: Large rectangular building

Stadiums: A recreational facility

Aqueducts: Trough to carry water through gravity

Concrete: Consisted of powdered lime, sand, and rubble. At first used for poured foundations.

Veneer: facing of finer materials

Exedrae: Semi-circular niches

Arcades: Series of arches

Axial: Used to describe a plan or design that is based on a symmetrical arrangement of elements along a central axis

Peripteral: Term used to describe and building that is surrounded by a single row of columns

Cubicula: Small side of chambers

Necropolis: City of the dead

Verism: Convention of rendering accurate and faithful portraits of individuals

Apotheosis: Elevation to divine status:

Swags: Loops of flowers (garlands)

Molding: Shaped or sculpted strip with varying contours and patterns.

Meander: Continuous rectangular scroll used as decorative pattern

Cameo: Gemstone carved in low relief

Apse: Rounded extension

Nave: Large central area of the interior space

Clerestory: Upper nave wall with window

Broken
pediment: Consists of two ends of triangular pediment without middle section

Attic
Story: Top story of a building

Coffers: Sunken panels the create pattern in inner dome

Menorah: Seven branched lamp holder

Egg-and-dart: Decorative molding made of alternating pattern of round (eggs) and downward pointing tapered (darts) elements

Syncretic: Union of different ideas

Tablinum: Reception room

Tesserae: Cubes of glass or stone used for mosaics

Emblemata: panels from floor mosaic

Foreshortening: Three-dimensional shading

Intuitive
Perspective: Represents 3D space on 2D surface through use of formal elements

Atmospheric
perspective: Colors become grayer near horizon

Still
Lifes: Compositions of inanimate objects

Dado: Lower part of wall

Tondo: Circular panel

Diptych: Pair of panels attached with hinges