Art History - Chap 15 - Images

15-14 Virgin and Child
from the Auvergne region, France. c. 1150-1200. Oak with Polychromy, height 31". The virgin holding the Christ child was a common statue in the Romanesque period. Painted wood sculptures were a specialty in the Auvergne region. The two figures are shown regally and rigid with Mary sitting on a throne-like seat that symbolizes the lion throne of Solomon (Symbol of wisdom and a king from the Old testament. She is holding the Christ child with both hands while he hold a small book (the word of God), his missing hand was raise in blessing. Mary in medieval times represented the church and Jesus the priesthood, humankind, and God.

15-15 Batllo Crucifix
from the Olot region, Catalonia, Spain, Mid-12th century. Wood with polychromy, height c. 36". the sculpture is Byzantine influences, in contrast to the suffering Jesus of the Ottonian period. Jesus is showed as with a deep sadness with , a bowed head and heavy featured. He is wearing royal robe( long, medallion-patterned tunic with psuedo-kufic inscriptions) to show his kingship.

15-18 Christ in Majesty
Detail of apse painting from the Church of San Clemente, Tahull, Lerida, Spain. c. 1123. Was in the curve of the half-dome of the apse from the Church of San Clemente. The painting shows the transformation from the Christ Pantokrator from the Byzantine period into the Romanesque. Christ is seated within a mandorla and the alpha and omega symbols beside his head. The figure is holdingthe gospel from John 8:12 "ego sum lux mundi"("I am the light of the world"). HE is surrounded by 4 angel with the holding the evangelist symbols, below him are six apostles, and the Virgin Mary holding a bowl. The painting was made by glazing or building up many thin coats of paint.

15-20 Page with The Tree of Jesse
Explanatio in Isaiam (Saint Jerome's Commentary on Isaiah), from the Abbey, Citeaux, Burgundy, France c. 1125. Ink and tempera on vellum, 15 x 4 3/4". A representation of the genealogy of Jesus. It was made to show that Jesus was divine and human. It emphasizes the importance of the the Virgin Mary in the royal line. Jesse, Mary's ancestor, was King David's father. Jesse, has a trunk growing from his body that branches out to Mary which is depicted way larger than Jesse. The Cistercians made the tree of Jesse popular because of their devotion to Mary.

15-21 Borgund stave church, Sogn
Norway c.1125-50. Not many wooden churches survived from that period, the ones who did are called the stave churches, with the Borgund the finest example of these. Four corner staves hold up the central roof, the additional supporting posts create a nave and side aisles, narthex, and choir. The rounded apse has a timber tower that is attached to the choir. The roof is shingled, the projecting roof protects the building from rain and snow. Crosses and dragons on the roof protect the church.

15-23 Castle-monastery- cathedral complex, Durham
Northumberland, England. C.1075-1100's with later alterations and additions. The castle is an example of a Norman fortress with the entrance being a drawbridge, controlled by a gatehouse. The Wear river acted as a natural moat to the fortress. Passing the gatehouse was a courtyard or bailey with a keep in the east. The great hall was where the bishops did buisness, that was located next to a cliff. The first stone structures on the compound was the Norman Chapel in 1075. The University of Durham was added in 1837 and later joined with the University of Newcastle

15-25 Nave of Durham Cathedral
early 12th century. Original apses replaced by Gothic choir, 1242-c.1280. Vault height 73'. Is located on the northern frontier with Scotland. The building is one of the most impressive medieval church with its massive vaults and vertical emphasis. Durham Cathedral has been in continuous use since its construction. Supporting the nave arcade are alternating piers and simple columns. The columns are decorated with chevron, cable, and diamond patterns. The capitols on the columns have a cushion shape capitols.


15-26 Church of Saint-Etienne, Caen
Normandy, France. Begun 1064; facade late 11th century; spires 13th century. It was began by William of Normandy or William the Conqueror, he was later buried there in 1087. The nave wall has a 3 part elevation w/ wide arches in the nave arcade. in the clerestory, a third arcade has four arches in front of the windows, making a passageway. On the wall it was alternating engaged columns and engaged columns attachers to piers. The roof is a masonry vault, but it was originally a timber roof. The Buttress on the west facade of the building divided the building into three vertical sections.

15-29 John of Worcester. Page with Dream of Henry I
Worcester Chronicle, from Worcester, England. c.1140. Ink and tempera on vellum, each page 12 3/4 x9 3/8" Earliest known illustrated English history. Made by a monk named John as an addition to a monk named Florence's work, The Chronicle of England. These pages illustrate dreams that Henry I had over a couple of nights, that his subjects wanted tax cuts. The first dream shows a farmer confronting the King, the second armed knights, the third monks, abbots, and bishop. The fourth picture depicts the the King at sea promising God to lower taxes.

AP Literature: The Stranger Part One Outline

Outline:

Part One:

Chapter One:

• Mother dies -Wednesday or Thursday
  
  • Old people's home is Morengo
    
• Takes Thursday/Friday off for funeral on Friday
  
• Stops to eat at Celestes
  
• Borrowed black tie from Emanuel (he lost an uncle couple months back)
  
• Fell asleep against a soldier on the bus
  
• Bus dropped him off in the village, he walked the two kilometers to the home
  
• Met the caretaker who took him to see the director
  
  • Director: Little old man, Legion of Honor on lapel, clear eyes
    
• Mother had friends at the home, she wasn't happy when she lived with her son
  
• Moved to the mortuary
  
  • Mortuary: Bright, whitewash face with skylight for a roof
    
  • Caretaker: Pale blue eyes and reddish complexion, 64, worked for 5 years at home, came from Paris
    
  • Nurse: Arab, has an abscess
    
• Caretaker and him talk about
  
• Night falls, he turns down dinner but accepts coffee with milk and smoked with the caretaker
  
• 10 friends of mother come in
  
  • Old People: Women have huge stomachs, men were skinny with canes, couldn't see eyes,
    

Chapter Three

• Drunk a liter of wine
  
• Raymond called friends from underworld for ideas
  
• Suggested 'marking' her
  
• Understands him wanting to punish her, but doesn't know what
  
• Ask him to write a letter to punish her
  
  • It would get her to come back, and at 'the last minute' he would throw her out
    
• Stops calling him monsier
  

Chapter Four

• Went to movies with Emmanuel
  
• Sunday: Date with Marie
  
• Took the bus out and went a few kilometers outside of Algiers to the beach
  
• She stays with him until the next morning
  
• Raymond beats his mistress and she screams so loud a policeman comes
  
• Policeman tells the girl to go and for Raymond to wait to be called
  
• Marie leaves around one o' clock
  
• Raymond comes over around 3 and explains that everything had gone to plan until the woman slapped him and then he got mad and beat her
  
• He asks him to act as his witness
  
• They run into Salamano on their way back to their rooms, he lost his dog
  
• He had been on their walk when he stopped to watch "The King of the escape Artists" and the dog ran away
  
• Salamano comes over and asks about what's going to happen to his dog
  
• When he leaves he returns to his room, we can hear him crying and pacing
  

Chapter Five:

• Raymond invites him and Marie to go to stay at a beach house with his boss
  
• He tells him that is being stalked by a group of Arabs and to be on the lookout for Arabs standing outside their building
  
• M's boss asks him if he wants to live in Paris and travel around for the company
  
• He replies "People never change their lives"
  
• His boss tells him he has no ambition
  
• He thinks that he used to have a lot of ambition when he was a student, but when he stopped his studies he realized that his ambitions were for nothing
  
• Marie asks him to marry her, he says that it doesn't matter either way
  
• They agree to marry; she likes him because he's 'peculiar'
  
• He goes to eat at Celeste's and this strange woman sits with him
  
• When she leaves he leaves too and follows her for a while
  
• Salamano is waiting for him at his front door when he gets home
  
• They talk about his dog who hadn't shown up at the pound
  
• He tells the story of how he got him (bought his after his wife died, they grew old together)
  
• He tells M that people thought bad of M for putting his mother in a home
  
• M didn't know that, but he didn't mind, he didn't have the money to care for her and she was bored
  
• Salamano goes home wishing that the dogs wouldn't bark that night, they make him think his dog has come home
  

Chapter Six

• Marie wakes M up the next morning so they can leave for the beach
  
• Marie is wearing a white linen dress
  
• They wait for Raymond, the sun is bright and hurts M's eyes, he realizes he is hungry while they wait
  
• They take the bus
  
• Raymond points out a group of Arabs across the street as they leave
  
• Beach wasn't far from the bus stop, but they had to cross a plateau
  
• Walked between rows of green and white fences of verandas
  
• Marie gathered rock irises
  
• They meet Masson
  
  • Masson: big guy, tall, broad shouldered
    
  • Wife: Plump with Parisian accent
    
• M see Marie laughing with Masson's wife, he finally realizes he's going to be married
  
• Masson, Marie and M go down to the beach, Marie jumps into the water, Masson and M wait a while talking
  
• Masson isn't much a swimmer and M leaves him to swim with Marie in the deeper waters
  
• Masson heads back to lay on the beach, M soon joins him and later Marie
  
• M falls asleep and when he awakes Masson headed back to the house
  
• M and Marie go out for one last interesting swim
  
• They head back for lunch and eat in silence potatoes and some meat
  
• They learn it's only 11:30
  
• Marie and Ms. Masson do the dishes while the men head out for a walk
  
• Masson and Raymond talk about people and places M doesn't know about, he follows them in silence half listening half asleep from the sun
  
• Then he spots two Arabs coming towards them
  
• Rayond says that he'll take care of his guy, Meursalt and Masson will take the other guy; M will jump in if another one shows up
  
• They walk towrds each other at a slow pace
  
• Masson and M stop when they get close, but Raymond goes right up to them
  
• Meursalt makes to move, but Raymond moves faster and hits him, calling for Masson
  
• Masson jumps in and gets the other guy twice, as hard as he could and the guy goes down
  
• Raymond gets cocky and turns to make a comment to M
  
• The guys comes out with a knife and slices Raymond across the arm and mouth
  
• The guy who went down came up with a knife also, they forced Raymond, Masson, and M to back off before taking off running
  
• Masson brings Raymond to a doctor who stays in the bungalow on Sundays while M goes to explain to the women what happened
  
• Masson comes back with Raymond, they said that it was nothing
  
• Raymond goes for a walk and M follows him
  
• They walk purposely to a spring at the end of the beach where the two Arabs were
  
• One was playing a reed flute, the same three notes over and over
  
• They don't move then the couple walk up, but they tense up
  
• Raymond asks whether or not he "should let them have it"
  
• M replies that they haven't done anything yet so he couldn't shoot, he has ot wait for them to draw their knives
  
• Raymond hands the gun to M, ready to fight them hand-to-hand, but the two men run off
  
• Raymond feels better on the walk back and he talks about the bus ride home
  
• When they back to the house Raymond goes inside, but M turns back around for a walk
  
• He yearns for the spring and so he returns
  
• When he gets there he sees the Arab man there (just one). The man sees him and they watch each other without moving. The mans hand in his pocket on the knife and M's hand in his pocket on Raymond's gun
  
• M takes a step forward and the Arab pulls out the knife and holds it up to the light making the light shine on Ms eyes
  
• M pulls out the gun and fires it at the Arab five times
  

Art History –Chap 14 - Images

14-20 Burial Ship:

• Oseburg, Norway C. 815-20
  
• Wood
  
• Propelled by both sails and oars, it was designed for travel in calm waters
  
• The shelter at the center of the ship was used for the burial of two women (thought to be Queen Aase and a servant)
  
  • Burial cabin contained two empty chests and two looms
    
• Vikings saw ships as sleek serpents
  
• Cabin walls covered in tapestries
  
• Bands of animal interlace carved in low relief run along the ship's bow and stern
  

  
  

  14-22 Church of Saint Cyriakus, Gernrode
  

• Gero founded the convent of Saint Cyriakus and commisioned the church in 961
  
• Designed as a basilica with a westwork
  
• Choir ans apse rose at east end over the vaulted crypt
  
• Windows, wall arcades, and blind arcades break the severity of churches exterior
  

  
  

  14-24 Nave, Church of Saint Cyriakus
  

• Interior has three levels
  
  • Arcade separating nave from the side aisles
    
  • Gallery with groups of six arched openings
    
  • Clerestory
    
• Ceiling is flat and made of wood
  
• Marked with vertical shifts in visual rhythm, with two arches on the nave level surmounted by six arches on the gallery level, surmounted in turn by three windows in the clerestory
  

  
  

  14-28 Gero Crucifix
  

• C. 970
  
• Painted gold and gilded wood
  
• Life size sculpture is a crucifix to be suspended over an alter
  
• The cavity in the back of the head hold a piece of the Host, or communion bread
  
• Intent of showing of Jesus as a tortured martyr is to inspire pity and awe
  
• The straight linear fall of his golden drapery heightens the impact of his drawn face, emaciated arms and lags, ect.
  

  
  

  14-29 Page with Otto III Enthroned
  

• Imperial propaganda
  
• Establishes the divine underpinning of Otto's authority and depicts him as a near-divine being himself
  
  • He is enthroned in heaven, surrounded by a mandorla and symbols representing the evangelists
    
  • Throne is symbol of worldly dominion
    
  • hst
    

  14-30 Page with Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples
  

• Ink and color on vellum
  
• Washing the feet in a gesture of hospitality, love, and humility as well as a symbolic transfer of spiritual power from Jesus to his "vicars"
  
• Peter has his foot in the basin and reaches towards Jesus
  

  
  

  Chi Rho Iota page, Book of Matthew, Book of Kells
  

  -probably made at Iona, Scotland. late 8th or early 9th century
  

  -artists have reaffirmed their Celtic heritage in the animal interlace and spirals w/ which they forn the monogram of Christ (the three Greek leters chi rho iota) and the words Christi autem generatio, the first sentence of Matthew's Gospel
  

  -painters inserted pictorial observations and comments and symbolically referred to Christ many times
  

  -the three angels are reminders that angels surrounded the Holy Family at the time of the Nativity, showing Matthew's story
  

  
  

  
  

  Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo burial ship,
  

  -from Suffolk, England. C 615-30
  

  -Cloisonne plaques of gold, garnet, and check millefiore enamel
  

  -set with garnets and blue checkered enamel, forming figures and rectilinear patterns
  

  -shows Hiberno-Saxon style showing Near Eastern, Germanic, Swedish, and Roman art
  

  
  

  Page with Lion
  

  -from the Gospel of Saint John, Gospel Book or Durrow, probably made at Iona, Scotland. c 675
  

  -ink and tempera on parchment
  

  -shows pre-Vulgate tradition, using the lion, normally the symbol of Saint Mark, for Saint John and Saint John's eagle for Saint Mark
  

  -has two type of ribbon interlace
  

  
  

  South Cross, Ahenny,
  

  -from County Tipperary, Ireland. 8th century. Stone
  

  -Celtic reinterpreted as a halo or a glory (a ring of heavenly light), or as a purely practical support for the arms of the cross
  

  -modeled on metal ceremonial or reliquary crosses, cross-shaped containers for holy relics
  

  -outlined w/ gadrooning and covered w/ spirals and interlace
  

  -the bosses (broocklike projections), that form a cross w/in the cross, resemble the jewels that were similarly placed on metal crosses
  

  
  

  Emeterius and Senior. Colophon page, Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus and Commentary on Daniel by Jerome,
  

  -made for the Monastery of San Salvador at Tabara, Leon, Spain. Completed July 27, 970
  

  -tempera on parchment
  

  -a five-story tower of the Tabara monastery and the two-story scriptorium attached to it
  

  -Emeterius is on the right and Senior is on the left; there is also a helper, a monk, and three other men climbing ladders
  

  
  

  Presentation page with Abbess Hitda and Saint Walpurga
  

  -from the Hitda Gospels. Early 11th century.
  

  -ink and colors on vellum
  

  -The abbess offers her book to Saint Walpurga, her convent's patron saint
  

  -size of the convent underscores the abbess's position of authority
  

  -rocky, uneven strip of ground represents a holy ground
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

Art History - Chap 15 - Vocab

Archivolt	Curved molding formed by the voussoir making up an arch.
Attribute	The symbolic object or objects that identify a particular deity, saint, or personification in art.
Bailey	The outermost walled courtyard of a castle.
Baldachi	A canopy (whether suspended from the ceiling, projecting from a wall, or supported by columns) placed over an honorific or sacred space such as a throne or altar.
Campanile	The Italian term for a freestanding bell tower.
Chevron	A decorative or heraldic motif of repeated Vs; a zigzag pattern.
Compound Pier	A pier or large column with shafts, pilasters, or colonnettes attached to it on one or more sides.
Corbelling	An early roofing and arching technique in which each course of stone projects slightly beyond the previous layer.
Crenellation	Alternating high and low sections of the wall, giving a notched appearance and creating permanent defensive shields in the walls of fortified buildings.
Cruciform	A term describing anything that is cross-shaped, as in the cruciform plan of a church.
Embroidery	The technique in needlework of decorating fabric by stitching designs and figures of colored threads of fine material.
Fresco	A painting technique in which water-based pigments are applied to a surface of wet plaster.
Galleria	In church architecture, the story found above the side aisles of a church, usually open to and overlooking the nave.
Glazing	In ceramics, a method of treating earthen-wares with an outermost layer of vitreous liquid (glaze) that, upon firing, renders a waterproof and decorative surface.
Lantern	A turret-like structure situated on top of a dome, with windows that allow light into the space below.
Lithograph	A print made from a design drawn on a flat stone block with greasy crayon.
Niello	A metal technique in which a black sulfur allory is rubbed into fine lines engraved into a metal (usually gold and silver).
Rib	Projecting band at the juncture of the curved surfaces, or cells, of a vault that is sometimes structural and sometimes purely decorative.
Rosette	A round or oval ornament resembling a rose.
Sanctuary	A sacred or holy enclosure used for worship.
Stringcourse	A continuous horizontal band, such as a molding, decorating the face of a wall.
Trumeau	A column, pier, or post found at the center of a large portal or doorway, supporting the lintel.
Tympanum	In classical architecture, the vertical panel of the pediment. In medieval, the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic.
Vaulting	A system of space spanning using vaults.
Crossing	Part of a cross shaped church where the nave and the transept meet
Portal	Large doorway
Transept	Arm of a cruciform church
Choir	Section of a Christian church reserved for the clergy or the religious
Scriptoria	Room in a monastery for writing or copying manuscripts
Lectionary	Work containing biblical excerpts arranged according to the Church calendar for reading during Mass
Keep	Massive tower east of the bailey in Durham Castle
Moat	water filled ditch
Tomb Effigies	Portraits of the deceased